Congestive heart failure chf read chapter 25 on chf prior to working through the lecture material below. Chris migliore presents the approach to chest pain by first discussing the epidemiology of chest pain or cardiac presentations. Heart failure hf is a growing worldwide epidemic that results in significant morbidity and mortality in the aging population. The pathophysiology of diastolic heart failure is characterized by a low cardiac output that results typically from a ventricle that has thick walls but a small cavity increased left ventricular massvolume ratio. Congestive heart failure knowledge for medical students. Transportation blood transport vehicle heart pump blood vessels network of tubes. The following powerpoint presentations overview the pathophysiological basis of congestive heart failure drug therapy. These presentations were developed by pharmacology professors. When the left ventricle is stiff, it relaxes slowly in early diastole and offers greater resistance to filling in late diastole, so.
This organization of healthcare professionals and researchers also offers a useful patient and caregiver brochure about heart failure. Notes soft s2 aortic a2 or pulmonary stenosis p2 loud s2 systemic a2 or pulmonary hypertension p2 soft heart sounds low cardiac output. Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of death from myocardial infarction. He then lists and discusses the important symptoms of chest disease. Full text full text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. New york heart association nyha functional classification class function i ordinary physical activity does not evoke symptoms fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea, or angina. In the other cases, the muscles are thick and stiff, which prevents the heart from relaxing normally to fill with blood. I understand the importance of and how to check for swelling. Pdf despite the advancement in medicine, management of heart failure hf, which usually presents as a disease syndrome, has been a.
Heart failure mat maurer, md associate professor of clinical medicine objectives at the conclusion of this seminar, learners will be able to. The following is part 3 of an excellent 3 part series on heart failure. Information guide heart failure h e a r t f a i l u r e m a r d i g i a n w e l l n e s s r e s o u r c e c e n t e r page 3 university of michigan cardiovascular center heart failure program. Betablockers are well known to depress lv systolic function i. The three main causes of chf are coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. Diastolic failure is a widely recognized clinical entity. Get a printable copy pdf file of the complete article 945k, or click on a page image below to browse page by page.
Definitions an inability of the heart to pump blood at a sufficient rate to meet the metabolic demands of the body e. If we need to conduct further testing, we have access to stateoftheart diagnostic equipment. Cooley dickinson health care hampshire cardiovascular associates presents. If the patient is a smoker, then the educator should provide counseling on the importance of. Identifying highrisk heart failure patients in a timely manner is critical to providing effective care. Congestive heart failure chf is a clinical syndrome that describes the end result of severe heart disease. Figure 1 illustrates the concept of a vicious circle, which contributes to the downward spiral of patients with heart failure.
The diagnosis of diastolic heart failure requires three conditions to be simultaneously satisfied. Hi, thanks for your interest in the turning heart failure in success lecture with drs. Chronic heart failure diagnosis and management 2015 3 u investigations table 3. Chronic congestive heart failure symptoms, diagnosis and. Right and left sided heart failure right sided heart failure is characterised by the presence of peripheral edema, raised jvp and hypotension and congestive hepatomegaly. Based on lvef, heart failure is defined as follows. Sign 147 management of chronic heart failure scottish. Congestive heart failure chf is a common clinical disorder that results in pulmonary vascular congestion and reduced cardiac output. Identifying and treating patients at risk of developing heart failure. The incidence of heart failure continues to increase, with 660000 new cases diagnosed annually in adults aged 45 and over. Doctors usually classify patients heart failure according to the severity of their symptoms. Finally, he discusses indications for referring a patient to a heart failure specialis. The underlying reason for the heart failurefor example, if you have a prior heart attack, high blood pressure or valve problem your type of heart failureoften based on.
Heart disease is always present when chf is present. The pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is that of a progressive condition. Heart failure is a clinical syndrome caused by disease or other abnormal conditions in the body. A historical perspective james forrester, md publication. Drug therapy of congestive heart failure linkedin slideshare. Our heart failure guidelines algorithm makes it easy to understand and apply the latest, evidencebased treatment guidelines. The term congestive heart failure is quite descriptive of the disorder and easily understood when interpreted correctly. He then dives into the the roles of diuretics and beta blockers in acute exacerbations. We treat all types of heart failure, from the most common to the most complex.
Diagnosis, prognosis and treatment leslie cooper, md slides. Accf and aha release guideline on the management of. Our specialists at the heart failure and cardiomyopathy clinic diagnose heart failure by performing a physical exam and understanding your family history. The heart introduction heart disease heart attack myocardial infarction continues to be our number one killer so the importance of understanding how the heart works is obvious. Initial investigations to support the diagnosis and guide heart failure management imaging echo. Hf is an important contributor to both the burden and cost of national healthcare expenditures, with more older americans hospitalized for hf than for any other medical condition. There are a number of treatment options, which will ultimately depend on. Free health lecture recognizing and treating heart failure. Identify medications that are used to treat hf and. Barnes will tackle background and pathophysiology here. In hf patients, echo is considered the gold standard to measure lvef and to assess for structural heart disease and diastolic function. The pressure at 1 is known as the left ventricular end diastolic pressure lvedp.
Heart failure guidelines toolkit american heart association. Atrial pressure increased in heart failure due to increased blood volume and venous tone treated with salt restriction and diuretics afterload. Turning heart failure into heart success, a community lecture northampton, mass community members are invited to attend the next cooley dickinson health care lecture, turning heart failure into heart success. How to recognize and treat the weak heart duration. Describe normal cardiac function identify compensatory mechanisms that cause and exacerbate hf. Congestive heart failure chf is a clinical condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the metabolic needs of the body because of pathological changes in the myocardium. Heart failure patients education checklist i have received heart failure education. Left sided heart failure pulmonary edema is the striking feature. The table below describes the most commonly used classification system, the new york heart association nyha functional. Other causes include high blood pressure, diabetes, lung disease, problems with the heart valves, and infection of the heart muscle. Define and employ the terms preload, afterload, contractilty, remodeling, diastolic dysfunction, compliance, stiffness and capacitance. Heart failure is increasing in both incidence and prevalence and is associated with a high mortality.
Accf and aha release guidelines on the management of heart failure key points for practice treatment of stage a heart failure should focus on reducing modifiable. Free health lecture recognizing and treating heart failure when monday, march 20, from 7 to 8 p. Where the gatehouse at lionsgate event center, 1055 south 112th street hwy 287, lafayette nearly 6 million americans suffer from heart failure, a serious condition where the heart cant pump enough blood to the rest of the body. These conditions cause ventricular dysfunction with low cardiac output, which results in blood congestion. To this end, the heart failure association of the european society of cardiology has launched the global heart failure awareness programme. Other signs are tachypnea, tachycardia, third heart sound, pulsus alternans, cardiomegaly. Heart failure is an epidemic affecting 12 million ukraineans and nearly 15 million people worldwide. This document is not a part of the permanent medical record. Understanding congestive heart failure what is congestive heart failure.
Identify medications that may cause or exacerbate hf. The global burden of heart failure 4 heart failure survival rates remain poor across the globe heart failure is common, and patient numbers are increasing. Coronary artery disease is a problem with the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to your heart. Since there is no definitive diagnostic test for heart failure, it remains a clinical diagnosis that is. Metoprolol, prolong life in chronic heart failure mechanism unknown may involve reduced renin secretion. I understand when it is necessary to call my healthcare provider. Heart failure can be caused by factors originating from within the heart i. Pathophysiology of heart failure mathew maurer, md. Heart failure can be brought on by many conditions that damage the heart. You can also order patient education materials by calling 301 3128635. University of california television uctv 42,264 views. Weigh yourself first thing every morningafter you empty your bladder and write it down take your medicine check for swelling in feet, ankles, legs and belly eat a low sodium diet less than 1500mg each day balance activity and rest periods dont smoke and limit alcohol. Heart failure education plan this page is intended for staff use only.
Transportation blood transport vehicle heart pump blood vessels network of tubes 3. Understanding heart failure university of pennsylvania. I understand the importance of and how to weigh myself. The table below describes the most commonly used classification system, the. Links to pubmed are also available for selected references. At the end of this lecture series, the student will be able to. Check for swelling in your feet, ankles, legs and stomach. I have a clear explanation of my diagnosis of heart failure. Focus on cardiac hypertrophy, inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis denise hilfikerkleiner, ulf landmesser, helmut drexler heart failure is a major health care burden, and despite significant therapeutic advances, morbidity and mortality in heart failure remain unacceptably high.
For men and women at age 40, the lifetime risk of heart failure developing is currently 1 in 5. Heart failure unit, department of cardiology, attikon university hospital, university of athens, athens. Heart failure is a common clinical syndrome characterized by dyspnea, fatigue, and signs of volume overload, which may include peripheral edema and pulmonary rales. Accf and aha release guideline on the management of heart failure. Diagnosis by charles vega, md is from the course chronic care. As an fyi, you can get all 3 posts in this series as one downloadable and printerfriendly. Included quiz questions a 51yearold man with a history of known reduced ejection fraction heart failure and persistent methamphetamine abuse presents with worsening lower extremity edema, shortness of breath when walking and going up a single flight of. It commonly affects older population and given the increasing life expectancy coupled with. Differentiate between hf stages and functional classifications. Managing heart failure heart failure is a lifelong condition that needs to be managed. Heart failure usually starts when another problem makes the heart weak or stiff so it does not pump or fill normally. The heart failure manual 3 heart failure zones know your zone.