Part 1 contains a detailed explanation of what constitutes the industrial internet of things and. A software reference architecture is a software architecture where the structures and respective elements and relations provide templates for concrete architectures in a particular domain or in a family of software systems. The essential project enterprise architecture tool. A reference architecture handles those requirements and forms a superset of functionalities, information structures, mechanisms and protocols 3. The information model starts by identifying major information domains based on information affinities. Reference architecture a reference model mapped onto software elements that cooperatively implement the functionality defined in the reference model and. Rather, they are used as a constraint for more concrete architectures. Overview to be published in early 2017 comprises two parts. Presentation on the concept of reference architecture at callista developers conference 2004. Reference model for service oriented architecture 1.
Defining reference models and software architectural styles for. The technical reference model in detail the open group. Business process reengineering both asis and tobe modeling training configuration reference architectures capture, standardize, and represent. Systems architecture in enterprise continuum terms, that is. Feb 16, 2011 all models are wrong, but some are useful. Saturn 2014 understanding reference models and reference architectures. Understanding reference models and reference architectures. The enterprise information model the enterprise information reference model is the second model in the operations view. Paper published in ieee software 12 6 november 1995, pp. A reference modelin systems, enterprise, and software engineeringis an abstract. As a discipline, its goals are to better understand the highlevel.
And of course you can alter the reference model to. The exact functions of the layers are not important here. Typically, a reference architecture includes common architecture principles, patterns, building blocks and standards. What is the difference between reference architecture and. A reference architecture or ea can be based on one or more reference models. Application reference model application catalogue application deployments application information dependency model application software architecture application provider summary application service summary application impact analysis.
The osi model also known as osi reference model is discussed here in 2 parts. It acts as a base, against which systems can be evaluated. Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to. While serviceorientation may be a popular concept found in a broad variety of applications, this reference model focuses on the field of software architecture.
This chapter describes the technical reference model trm, including core. A reference architecture is a reference model mapped onto software elements that cooperatively implement the functionality defined in the reference model and the data flows between them. The acord reference architecture provides an enterprise architecture framework for the insurance industry. In this blog, i want to dive a little deeper, focusing on the product that we or some of us are familiar with the reference model, using archimate as the language. Reference models and reference architectures are abstract solution patterns for the design of systems in a specific domain 16.
A typical use of archimate 3 diagram in enterprise architecture is for developing the architecture model. Pdf the application architecture reference model blueprint. For example, in software, we are often solving the same problems, particularly within an industry, but for a different company. The emergence of software architecture as a field of study is a relatively recent phenomenon2. In compliance with common system architecture models and standards e. A reference architecture in the field of software architecture or enterprise architecture provides a template solution for an architecture for a particular domain. This chapter presents a way to use reference models in enterprise architecture ea by a assessing and organising them into a structured repository using a generalised architecture framework. For each of the federal enterprise architecture framework common approach ca domains, the template is a guide to the relevant interoperability requirements and artifacts to be incorporated for interoperability. Cloud computing, reference model, metamodel, software architecture, modeldriven architecture. Nist enterprise architecture model reference models from several federal enterprise architectures. It provides a fundamental reference point for the development of.
The osi model, shown below, is a sevenlayer model for open systems interconnection. This foundation architecture has two main elements. A reference architecture is a document or set of documents to which a project manager or other interested party can refer for best practices. George box i often see confusion over reference models, reference architectures, and reference implementations. The reference architecture ra template is designed to aid the development of reference architecture artifacts to support interoperability. Its like holding up a diamond and looking at the different facets. Togaf definitions the terms reference architecture and reference model are not used carefully in most literature reference architecture and reference model have. The contributions of our paper are the avionics reference architecture and the lessons that. A reference architecture in the field of software architecture provides a template solution for an architecture for a domain. Whereas a reference model divides the functionality, a reference architecture is the mapping of that functionality onto a system decomposition. Under the auspices of the oasis standards consortium, a group of end users, software vendors, and other interested parties came together to help define a reference model for service oriented architecture soa. A reference modelin systems, enterprise, and software engineeringis an abstract framework or domainspecific ontology consisting of an interlinked set of clearly defined concepts produced by an expert or body of experts to encourage clear communication. If so, it is because you have been taught a reference model of these applications. Eabok knowledge areas developing an ea reference models.
Reference model a reference model is a model of something that embodies the basic goals or ideas, and you can use it at as a reference for various purposes. This article describes the benefits of using reference architectures and describes how to create, use, and maintain them. Abstract this article presents a model for describing the architecture of softwareintensive systems, based on the use of multiple, concurrent views. Reference model is the representation of entities and ther interrelationships of the intended software in abstract. It is used to define and cluster information subjects that are required to operate the business. Software updates and patching at the speed of operations. The technical reference model trm, which provides a model and taxonomy of generic platform services.
In fact, a reference architecture for one subject area can be a specialization of a more general reference architecture in another subject area. Access to the design guidelines associated with the reference architecture can help answer these questions. The technical reference model trm, which provides a model and taxonomy of generic platform services the standards information base sib, which provides a database of standards that can be used to define the particular services and other components of an organizationspecific architecture that is derived from the togaf foundation architecture. In this post, ill share my experience and learnings and observations. A reference model for reference architectures reference architectures have emerged as a special type of software architecture that. Reference models, reference architectures, and reference. One of the best known reference architectures is the osi model for distributed systems. It basically serves as a backdrop or canvas, or a foundation and springboard for deeper dives. It helps in the evolution of the government systems based on reference architecture goals, principles and standards. A reference architecture is a reference model mapped onto software elements that. The ohio state universitys conceptual reference architecture model, shown below, represents key components in the technology stack. Reference model a reference model is a model of something that embodies the basic goals or ideas, and you can. Next generation reference architecture for connected. A reference architecture often consists of a list of functions and some indication of their interfaces or apis and interactions with each other and with functions located outside of the scope of the reference architecture.
A reference model mapped onto software elements that. An introduction to the bost framework and reference models. This dod enterprise devsecops reference design describes the devsecops lifecycle, supporting pillars, and devsecops ecosystem. For example, the software architect will need to know what rules were applied in the formation of the reference architecture, and how difficult it will be to modify interfaces.
The cloud reference model is a conceptual model that characterizes and standardizes the functions of a cloud computing environment. The business architecture reference model contained herein represents a basic business architecture for a transportation company. Project management teams can use these patterns to determine how various solutions, such as programming languages or network configurations for example, fit into a business model. A reference model for reference architectures request. It also provides a common vocabulary with which to discuss implementations, often with the aim to stress commonality.
This software architecture document provides an architectural overview of the cregistration system. With the help of case studies and indepth analyses, it selection from software architecture. The c4 model was created by simon brown, who started teaching people about software architecture, while working as a software developerarchitect in london. Government reference architecture helps the stakeholders to accommodate their strategies, vision, objectives and principles across the government systems. A reference architecture is a model that describes erp systems helps people understand how they work. In a previous blog by marc lankhorst, the value of reference architectures was highlighted, including the why and how. Part of simons training course was a design exercise, where groups of people were given some requirements, asked to do some design, and to draw some diagrams to express that design. Reference model is a division of functionality into elements together with the data flow among those elements 14. The level of abstraction provided in a reference architecture is a function of its intended usage. A reference architecture is a resource containing a consistent set of architectural best practices for use by all the teams in your organization. What is the oasis service oriented architecture reference model. A reference architecture is a set of interrelating patterns often used in software development and the integration of computer systems in enterprise networks. Industry reference models business architecture guild. A reference architecture might provide a template for solving the common prob.
Reference models and architectures mitre corporation. This foundation architecture is embodied within the technical reference model trm, which provides a model and taxonomy of generic platform services. A software element may implement part of a function or several functions. You can reuse this reference model to make it part of your enterprise meta model on dragon1. A reference architecture is a generalized architecture that can be specialized to a particular architecture such as an enterprise architecture, a system architecture, or a software architecture. It provides a normative reference that remains relevant for soa as an abstract and powerful model, irrespective of the. Sep 29, 20 reference architecture is an abstraction. The cregistration system is being developed by wylie college to support online course registration. The book discusses the discipline of software architecture using realworld case studies and poses pertinent questions that arouse objective thinking.
Views aimed at your application architecture and often a foundation for your enterprise architecture tool. The mapping may be, but by no means necessarily is, one to one. A reference model mapped onto software elements that cooperatively implement the functionality defined in the reference model and the data flows between them. Dec 03, 2018 rather, they are used as a constraint for more concrete architectures. The general structure of the reference architecture model is illustrated in figure 1. It consists of business processes, product models, development frameworks, information models, data models, and capability models which help organizations to run, develop, modify, and maintain various insurance industry applications. Whereas a reference model divides the functionality.
The development of target technology architecture model is an activity of togaf adm phase d. A reference model in systems, enterprise, and software engineering is an abstract framework or domainspecific ontology consisting of an interlinked set of clearly defined concepts produced by an expert or body of experts in order to encourage clear communication. Industrial internet reference architecture iira, built on the architecture framework, iiaf. Reference architecture a reference model mapped onto software elements that cooperatively implement the functionality defined in the reference model and the data flows between them. Conceptual reference architecture model accessible format. And of course you can alter the reference model to your own theory about enterprise strategy. The terms reference architecture and reference model. Reference architecture models with archimate bizzdesign. This reference model describes classifications of products for the enterprise. Dragon1 as open ea method defines a reference model for enterprise architecture.
A reference model for developing cloud applications mohammad hamdaqa, tassos livogiannis and ladan tahvildari department of electrical and computer engineering, university of waterloo, waterloo, ontario, canada keywords. The togaf technical reference model focuses on the application platform, and the higher level function is the set of application software, running on top of the application platform, that is needed to address the enterprises business requirements. A reference model mapped onto software elements that implements the functionality defined in the reference model. The logical view describes the designs object model, the process view describes the designs concurrency and synchronization aspects. A reference model provides a vocabulary for comparison. Reference architectures software engineering 10th edition.